Proprietary preparations of Tramadol

Tramadol (Australia, Belgium, Canada, Chile, Estonia, France, Netherlands, Romania, New Zealand, Norway, Spain, United Kingdom, United States)
 Tramadol Stada (Sweden)
 Tramadol-Sandoz (Hungary)
 Tramadol-Ratiopharm (Hungary, many European countries)
 Tramadolor (Austria, Estonia, Germany, Hungary, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Romania)
 Tramadolor ID (Hungary)
 Tramalgic (Hungary, Czech Republic, Slovakia)
 Tramagit (Romania)
 Tramahexal (Australia)
 Tramake (United Kingdom)
 Trama-Klosidol (Argentina)
 Tramal (Costa Rica, Bulgaria, Colombia, Pakistan, Netherlands, Finland, Croatia, Morocco, Slovenia, Austria, Poland, Brazil, Chile, Romania, Australia, New Zealand, Germany, Switzerland, Lebanon, Israel, Philippines, Egypt, Thailand)
 Tramalgic (Hungary)
 Tramal Gotas (Ecuador)
 Tramazac (India, Myanmar, Sri Lanka)
 Tramed
 Tramedo (Australia)
 Tramoda (Thailand)
 Tramól (Iceland)
 Tramundal (Austria)
 Tridol (South Korea)
 Tridural (Canada)
 Trodon (Serbia)

Chemical data

Formula	C16H25NO2
Mol. mass	263.4 g/mol
SMILES	eMolecules & PubChem

Identifiers

CAS number	27203-92-5
ATC code	N02AX02
PubChem	CID 33741
DrugBank	DB00193
ChemSpider	31105
UNII	39J1LGJ30J
KEGG	D08623
ChEMBL	CHEMBL1066

Pharmacokinetic data

Bioavailability	68–72%(Increases with repeat dosing.)
Protein binding	20%
Metabolism	Hepatic demethylation and glucuronidation
Half-life	5.5–7 hours
Excretion	Renal

Clinical Data

Trade names	Ryzolt, Ultram
AHFS/Drugs.com	monograph
MedlinePlus	a695011
Pregnancy cat.	C(AU) C(US)
Legal status	Prescription Only (S4) (AU) POM (UK) ℞-only (US) ℞ Prescription only
Routes	Oral, IV, IM, rectal, sublingual, buccal, intranasal

Tramadol Action

While its action is not like that of other opioids, tramadol is a synthetic analog of the phenanthrene alkaloid codeine. Tramadol is converted to O-desmethyltramadol, a significantly more potent μ-opioid agonist. Opioids are chemical compounds which act upon one or more of the human opiate receptors. The euphoria and respiratory depression of opioids are mainly caused by the μ₁ and μ₂ receptors; the addictive nature of tramadol, as well as other opioids, is due to these effects, but tramadol's serotonergic and noradrenergic effects may contribute to possible dependence as well.

What is Tramadol ?

Tramadol hydrochloride (Ultram, Tramal) is a centrally acting synthetic opioid analgesic used in treating severe pain. The drug has a wide range of applications, including treatment for Rheumatoid arthritis, restless legs syndrome and fibromyalgia. It was developed by the pharmaceutical company Grünenthal GmbH in the late 1970s.